What is meant by the term "English"?

In billiards and pool, "English" refers to the spin applied to the cue ball, which allows for more precise control over its trajectory and position after a shot. It's a technique where the cue ball is struck off-center, imparting spin that changes its path. 

How English Works:

• Importance:
  English is a crucial skill for advanced players, allowing them to execute shots with greater precision and create favorable positions for future shots. 

• Deflection:
  When hitting the cue ball off-center, it will deflect or "squirt" in a direction opposite to the applied spin, which needs to be taken into account when aiming and executing a shot. 

• Types of English:
  • Topspin: Also called "follow," imparts forward spin, making the cue ball roll forward after impact and gather speed. 
  • Backspin: Also called "draw," imparts backward spin, causing the cue ball to move backward after impact and slow down. 
  • Sidespin: Imparts spin on the side of the cue ball, causing it to curve in the desired direction.

• Spin:
  English essentially means applying spin to the cue ball, which can be forward (top spin), backward (back spin), or side spin (left/right spin). 
• Trajectory Manipulation:
  By using English, players can curve the cue ball around other balls, control its speed and angle of impact, and even alter its position after it hits a target ball. ​